Community Service vs Service-Learning :: Teaching Education Research

Community service is defined as voluntary or involuntary work done by individuals to provide service to disadvantaged groups or public areas. While community service has numerous benefits, it only focuses on unidimensional service and caters to a current need setting nothing in place to implement substantial change in the future. In contrast, service learning focuses on reciprocity and sets a foundation to create changes in communities. Service learning is defined as an organized collaborative process that requires individuals to actively participate in service projects. Community service is often viewed as volunteerism rather than service learning. Individuals often times tend to establish barriers between the provider and the person receiving help and never focusing on gaining anything from the group or person being assisted. Service learning is important because it allows individuals to become aware about important issues, gain new perspectives and provides learning experiences for volunteers as well as individuals from underserved groups. Because of the numerous benefits, college students should enroll in the Service Learning courses or service learning based programs. These programs allows students to move away from the dualism versus unity point of view and focus on reciprocity and provides the skills necessary to approach future service experiences with a service learning perspective.

Analyse the cash flow problems a business might experience Essay

In this assignment I will be analysing that a business might experience if their sales figures turn out to be lower than the ones that they have expected or predicted. 1.1 problems of cash flow forecast Problem 1 Cash flow forecasts are something really important for a business and something that is a part of a business plan. A cash flow forecast is a plan for the future it will tell you whenever the costs are going to be raised over the year. It can also tell you what the business revenue is going to be and what the business performance for the following year is. Problem 2 From what I can see on Ricky’s cash flow is that he is relying on that one loan which is his capital that he begins with too and that is  £17,500 from the first month which is January. Bank loans are great for starting a business but that does not mean that they can not let you down in this case a bank loan can fail Rick because if the bank loan gets delayed or no longer available then this is a big problem for Rick because he cannot do anything best way to explain this would be he would not be able to pay for the truck which is  £20,000 and not only the truck that would not be paid for but the sales cost would not be covered. His total payments only for the beginning of year which is the month January his total payments are  £22,475 with this type of problems or should I say impacts that can happen there is no way that his business would survive. Problem 3 Another critical problem that can occur from that cash flow is if the sales figure is lower than the actual sales figure. For example the sales figure that has been predicted by Ricky is  £60,000 but let’s say that he actually gets  £40,000 as his total figure for his sales. This is a major problem simply because what he as predicted to get for his sales has not been met and  £40,000 worth of sales would not be enough to keep his business running regularly. Costs for everything would not be covered just because of this problem which again is very crucial for the business and of course loss  would occur there is no way that Rick would make any profit due to this problem. In addition the business would have to start the new month with a loss and again this is just because the total sales are low this would yet again mean that he cannot cover the costs for that month and he would have a greater loss that he would not allow him to recover fast enough for the next month in order for his business to be still up and working. Problem 4 Looking at Rick’s cash flow forecast I can see that there can be another problem that can occur and this problem is to do with his expenses and that is if his expenses turn out to be lower to what the actual expenses appear to be this can cause him not only a problem but a failure to his business because his expenses are  £71,750 and lets say for example they actually come out to be 81,950 this is where the big problem will occur because his expenses are higher and this would lead to Rick not being able to cover for the next year. Plus if the expenses go up in any month of the year this would decrease the chance of Rick gaining any type of profit and the balance would be different for the next month by all means this would affect the profit and balance within the business. 1.2 recommendations and solutions to the problems Solution to problem 1 Possible solution that Rick has for his bank loan problems is that he can either make sure to use his own savings that he has saved through out the years and that’s if he has saved any money in his savings account but probably the best and I would say most common way to get the money you need is if you ask friends to get you a loan or someone from the family to lend you money. He could also decide to get a small over draft which would keep his business running. Yet again lest not forget an overdraft has its disadvantage and that is when it come to paying back that over draft the interest rate would be high so he would have to think of a way to pay that off and it would not be an easy task for Ricky. Of course Ricky has the option of selling his own assets but that is just an option that could be left for last. In general I would recommend for Ricky to get a loan from his family or friends because in my opinion that is the best possible decision and the best possible way from h im to get his business up and running. Solution to problem 2 For the second problem there is a solution but this would have to be done correctly by Ricky and the solution is advertisement IF any type of business is looking to increase their sales the best way possible is to make sure to advertise their services a lot and reason being is to make sure that they let their customers know what they have to offer. Yet again we have to look at this from Ricky’s perspective what I would recommend for him to do is whenever he decides to advertise the best thing to do is to make sure he keeps his prices low because first of all this would give him an opportunity to show people what his business has to offer and second of all he would not have to pay a great amount of money to get his services advertised. Solution to problem 3 Another solution to his second problem would be if Ricky uses appropriate pricing such as low prices on the services he has to offer. That due to the fact that he is just starting his business it is not very known to people that are regular customers to other businesses and low pricing is the only way that he would gain customers. In addition this relates to his advertisement solution because if he advertises that his services are on low prices people would have more interest into going to see what Ricky’s business has to offer. I would also recommend for him to put his prices up only if his business is succeeding with the sales then he would be able to increase sales even more by doing this. Solution to problem 4 Solution to Ricky’s final problem would be for him to make sure that he monitors his expenses and by doing that he would be able to control them. What I would recommend for Ricky to do is to keep budgets this would help him to keep the costs in those fixed budgets by doing this Ricky would not overspend and he would keep the very most important thing in the cash flow chart low and that is his payments figure. The way that he can stay within his fixed budget is by doing this. For example his budget is  £80 000 and as we know his forecasted total expenses are  £71 750 he would be left out with  £8250 which he can use for next year to either to expand the business or to  improve on some things that the business needs and he can make the budget lower for next year. Another solution to his final problem is to find new suppliers or the best way is to make sure he buys his tools that he needs at a lower price. This would help him and his business so much it will actually make his business run fluently at the begging because that is what he wants so by him keeping the tool price low and this would mean that his costs are low too then at the end he is left with his expenses which will be low too and this could mean that they can match the figure that he has predicted on his cash flow forecast. 1.3 Conclusion In conclusion I have learnt that whenever you want to start a new business you would not only have to make a cash flow forecast but you would most defiantly have to predict the problems that might occur and how would you as a business man stand up to these problems and solve them and you would also have to know how to make sure these problems never occur in order for your business to be running smoothly.

“Australian Rules” essay Essay

Australian rules is set in a small rural town, where the relationships between the white townspeople and the Aboriginal people on the mission are complex, conflicted and marred by deeply entrenched racism. The local football team in many ways serves to represent the town, it reflects the conflicted relationship between the white people and the Aboriginal people- we begin to understand this as the film unfolds. Other themes inherent in the film are themes of family, love, loyalty and violence- the secrecy of domestic violence and the more overt forms of racial violence that spill out onto the public spheres of the football field and the pub. The opening narration informs us that half the football team is Aboriginal and that there would not be a football team without the Aboriginal players, therefore we understand how the town team relies on the talent and number of the Aboriginal players. We then witness the contradiction of the white and Aboriginal boys playing side by side as team members followed by the social segregation between the members after the match. This segregation is highlighted by Blacky (a white boy from town) and Dumby (an Aboriginal boy who is the best player on the team) whose friendship transcends these borders and we also witness ways that this segregation between the white teenager and Aboriginal teenagers is culturally imposed by certain adults. In one of the beginning scenes, just after a football match, Dumby and Blacky want to ‘hang out’ together, but Dumby is taken back to the mission by an older friend and Blacky cannot follow. Blacky, Clarence and Dumby all call out to each other ‘Nukkin ya’ and this use of Aboriginal language between two Aboriginal teenagers and Blacky the white boy signifies the level of their friendship and mutual acceptance. Pickles’ comment to Blacky that ‘now he even talks like one’, symbolises the town’s disapproval of such respect for Aboriginal culture and Aboriginal people. The character of Pretty, Dumby’s older friend from the mission, plays an important role in the film. He was once a talented football player himself but no longer ‘kicks goals for whitefellas’ and he is significant because he is the main character to verbalise that Aboriginal people are treated  differently and unfairly. He is somewhat aggressive in his approach, expressing bitterness and resentment, yet it is implied that his approach is reactionary to the way he has been treated, and his statementsoverlooked by the white coach- are significant examples of changing responses to uneven power dynamics. For example the white coach tells Dumby to make sure all the Aboriginal team players turn up to the next match and Pretty interjects stating that it doesn’t work that way anymore, his metaphor of ‘yes sir, no sir, three bags full sir’, clearly refers to the history of Aboriginal people being used as servants and points out that the coach’s approach of ordering Dumby around is no longer appropriate. Unfortunately the coach does not take this message on and rather than acknowledging the Aboriginal boys as talented, valuable and indeed essential team players, he nervously treats them as unreliable boys who may destroy the team’s chances by not turning up. This attitude of relying on Aboriginal talent, whilst refusing to appropriately acknowledge this talent is made explicitly clear during the award giving ceremony that takes place after the team win the finals. Pretty is made to leave the ceremony after he disputes the truth of a speech about the egalitarian nature of football ‘where you can be anyone, from anywhere, and receive the recognition you deserve’. Pretty is immediately proved to be right when the awards are given only to white boys, and Dumby, who is obviously the most talented player on the team is left completely unacknowledged. There is a direct shift in Dumby’s response and he becomes more like Pretty, demonstrating anger and resentment, rather than his normal cheerful, co operative self. This gives us insight into Pretty’s character and how he may have developed the attitude that he has towards white people. Pretty and Dumby’s break-in to the pub that very night can be interpreted as a direct response to the unfairness of the award ceremony- although there are characters, such as the coach, who are not willing to see the connection. The fact that Dumby is then murdered by Blacky’s father is a complicated event with many layers of meaning. The insights we have been given about Blacky’s father prior to the shooting is that of a man who dominates his family, puts down his sons for showing vulnerability and who physically abuses his wife. There are  instances in which we can see links between the violence he demonstrates towards his family and the verbal and physical violence he feels justified in displaying towards Dumby, and then later towards Dumby’s sister, Clarence. There is a scene in which the father physically attacks Blacky and forces Blacky to declare loyalty to him (regarding the shooting), meanwhile verbally abusing Clarence with racial slurs and ordering her to get out of his house. During this scene the camera pans onto the faces of the Blacky’s mother and siblings and we see how domestic and racial violence become enmeshed, that the father’s attack on Blacky for being with Clarence is an act of violence that hurts his whole family. Interestingly it is Clarence who is the least cowed in this scene, she does not show fear and walks out with dignity. In this way we can see how control and domination is a particular pattern in this family, but is not taken on by Clarence. In many ways, the shooting, and the following events, are catalysts for great changes, both in the town, and more specifically in Blacky’s family. Blacky rejects his parent’s demands to maintain loyalty to his father and instead Blacky remains loyal to his friendship with Dumby. Blacky’s rejection of his father’s authority instigates other members of the family, such as his mother and next youngest brother who subtly take Blacky’s side. The scene where his brother urges him to get up and face his father, (when his father beat him to the ground), symbolises the request of his family for Blacky to represent them all and challenge the father’s authority. The resolution of the film sees the father gone, leaving Clarence and Blacky happily together but planning to this town ‘that has nothing for them’. The fate of the town is not so happy, the boys from the mission won’t come to town and there is no longer a football team. In many ways we can see how Australian rules reflects the complexities of human relationships- of love and loyalty and hatred and violence, and clearly demonstrates how deeply entrenched racism hurts everyone. The town, through its racism has destroyed the tentative trust of the Aboriginal people and has lost its ‘glory’- its winning football team. Its seems empty, a place only good for leaving.

Horror of War

Horror of War Free Online Research Papers The adversities of World War I are shown in the novel â€Å"All Quiet on the Western Front† by Erich Maria Remarque. He expresses the fights and difficulties that a World War I soldier had to undergo to keep his sanity and to stay alive. There were several characteristics to the difficulties the soldiers had to face in the line of duty. First, there was the indignation of emotions felt by the soldiers from what they were told in the beginning about war to the actual reality of it. Another aspect that made the war traumatic for the soldiers was the horrid battle conditions in which they had to fight in. Lastly and the most wretched aspect was the despair the soldiers had to endure when they saw friends and fellow members of their company being executed on the front line. World War I had emotions, horrid battle conditions and many horrendous deaths. There was an abundant amount of emotions throughout the war, from the beginning to the end. In the beginning they felt proud and patriotic they would be fighting in honor of their country, as they were told and encouraged by their older generation. As Paul Baumer stated â€Å"For us lads of eighteen they ought to have been mediators and guides to the world of maturity, the world of work, of duty, of culture, of progress-to the future. We often made fun of them and played jokes on them, but in our hearts we trusted them. The idea of authority, which they represented, was associated in our minds with a greater insight and a more humane wisdom. But the first death we saw shattered this belief. We had to recognize that our generation was more to be trusted than theirs. They surpassed us only in phrases and in cleverness. The first bombardment showed us our mistake, and under it the world as they had taught it to us broke in pieces†(12-13). This was Paul’s as well a s the other young men’s first discovery that they were basically tricked into joining the military. The older generation led the younger generation to believe that it was their â€Å"duty† to join. Their feelings of being proud and patriotic quickly changed to fear and despair as well as the loss of their sense of humanity. These emotions caused a great deal of misery along with the aspect that brought misery was the horrid battle conditions. The soldiers battle conditions on the front was hell. When they would go on nightly missions they would get pounded by artillery that would force them to hide in trenches. Which were swamp like and filled with buried corpses, human feces and was lice infested. Upon returning from days of being stuck in the trenches, some would return with the loss of their sanity. The trenches were hard to tolerate for any soldier on the front line, but a very wretchedly aspect of World War I was the loss of soldiers friends and fellow company members in battle on the front lines. Lastly and the most dreadful aspect of World War I was the many deaths that was afflicted by the sides of war. Death in the line of duty was gruesome. It would range from artillery, poison gases and blowing one another into pieces. Battle was extreme brutal violence and bloody deaths. Soldiers would walk around and see bodies of the deceased so of which were friends and have to endure the feelings of heartache. Also the deceased would become filthy and become infested with maggots creating unhealthy conditions for the living soldiers. Death was treated with impersonal efficiency within the war. This shows how wretchedly the deaths were in World War I. The war was filled with indignation of emotions, horrid battle conditions and horrendous deaths. This sums up in my opinion of how the war was depicted to soldiers fighting in the fronts of World War I. Paul Baumer along with the other young men that enlisted to serve in the military we under the assumption that they would be risking their lives for patriotism and honor, except they were unaware of the brutality and death that they had to face in the horror of war. Research Papers on Horror of WarHonest Iagos Truth through DeceptionTrailblazing by Eric AndersonQuebec and Canada19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraAssess the importance of Nationalism 1815-1850 EuropeBook Review on The Autobiography of Malcolm XComparison: Letter from Birmingham and CritoCapital PunishmentHarry Potter and the Deathly Hallows EssayBringing Democracy to Africa

The United States as the Worlds Peacekeeper essays

The United States as the World's Peacekeeper essays My original speech topic before the Trade Center and Pentagon attacks was should we be the worlds peacekeepers and I was going to slant it towards the no side. Then in the week after, I realized the answer was a resounding yes...for several reasons. 1. Because we can. That isnt just about ego, but also about economy. We are the elder brother and sister of the world, and we bail out our younger relatives when they need help. No questions asked. 2. Because in this country we believe EVERYONE has the right to freedom, not just Americans. So well fight for the freedom of all people, everywhere. Sometimes this means fighting with the military, but just as often it means boycotting soccer balls made by child labor in Bangladesh. Americans vote with their hearts, and once weve tasted freedom it is so intoxicating we feel as excited as a new convert to a cult, we want to share the secret with the world. Numerous benefits also come along with helping countries when in need, for example, in the worst-case scenario, if a third world war was to begin, we would have almost nothing to worry about, who would think of striking the country with the most allies? America is one of the most powerful countries in the world and if anyone should have the courage to take on Americans in general, then let them try their best, we may have some casualties, but how would we prove our authority without having the challenge present itself. This may seem condescending, but for the most part, even with the destruction of federal buildings on September 11 and thousands of fatalities, the country will go on, Americans will not allow our government to be brought down by these arrogant events. There are critics that believe that America should not get involved in matters that have no direct impact on the United States, but dont Americans believe that all men are entitled to life, liberty an...

Impact of Financial Crisis on the Role of the Labor Union Movement in Essay

Impact of Financial Crisis on the Role of the Labor Union Movement in the US - Essay Example It is generally agreed that due to union partnership, wages are often driven up and those who are members of the labor unions tend to benefit more from the labor unions as compared to the workers who are not the members of the unions. Due to higher wages, the overall costs are increased and countries lose their overall competitiveness and hence jobs relocate to regions like Asia to provide low cost labor services. The current economic situation is also a glaring example of how higher wages and costs associated with the unions can actually increase the cost for the firms and hence make them less competitive as compared to other countries with little or no union activity. The resources of the firms are already under stress and higher costs therefore can further increase the costs. It is pertinent to note that trade union movement, at the global level, has also transcended itself into a much bigger role. During the initial phase of the current economic recession, global leaders of the d ifferent labor unions actively coordinated with G20 countries to bail out the global economy. This active participation into the overall policy making process therefore suggest that with the advent of the current global crisis, trade unions have also evolved the much bigger role for themselves including the element of policy making. (Russell) There is also a growing demand from different other quarters to suggest that labor unions must play an active part in resolving the economic crisis. As such emphasis has been laid on the role of labor unions as the facilitators of the management in overcoming the economic crisis. This new role of the labor unions therefore suggest that at least in US, the overall role of labor unions is... This essay offers comprehensive review of the Labor Union Movement in the United States in the post-crisis years. The paper outlines the diminishing role of labor unions in the modern economy. The current economic recession in US and other developed countries of the world has resulted into sharp decline in employment level. As such firms are cutting jobs in order to become more competitive and save costs. Rising unemployment therefore has also resulted into the lack of new memberships for the labor unions thus effectively reducing their influence within the organizations. Sharp decline in the output and lack of demand is resulting into lower output produced by the firms. Government is also looking for ways to further streamline and rationalize its expenses. Labor union is considered as an organization of workers wherein workers collectively strive to achieve some common goals such as better pay, improved working conditions and other benefits. The collective bargaining agent role of the labor unions therefore outlines that labor unions have the explicit right to enter into negotiations with the management of the firm to make mutual decisions in order to safeguard the interests of the workers. There have been efforts in some States of US, wherein due to high cost paid to unionized public employees that the union activity in public organizations should be banned. This suggests that there is a huge cry over curtailing the union activity in order to avoid further damage to the pubic as well as private institutions.

Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC'S). Economic Indicators Article

Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC'S). Economic Indicators - Article Example The countries that are member of this council are as follows: †¢ Saudi Arabia †¢ Kuwait †¢ Bahrain †¢ Qatar †¢ United Arab Emirates †¢ Sultanate of Oman (Sheikh Mohammed, 2012) GCC being an oil-based region is provided with several opportunities to enhance its profit ratio and to play an essential and pivotal role in providing the world with oil. With the largest crude oil reserves in GCC (486.6 billion barrels), the member countries play the leading role in the world. In addition, GCC is the largest producer and exporter of petroleum due to which the region enjoyed fascinating and spectacular economic boom from the year 2002 to 2008 (The Economist Intelligence, 2011). The dominant role of the GCC countries in the world provided the region with an opportunity to increase the economy to $1.1 trillion (triple in size) during the same years. GCC region is the largest producer and exporter of oil and petroleum due to which the GCC countries account for almost 52 percent of the total OPEC oil reserves. 3. GDP GROWTH RATE The growth rate of the GCC region relies highly on the production and export of oil and petroleum to countries across the globe. The GDP growth rate of the GCC has been fascinating and outstanding from 2002-2008 and even after 2012 (IMF, 2012). Throughout 2002 to 2008 the region was provided with an opportunity to increase its economy threefold (Fox, 2011). The GCC countries enhanced its GDP from 400,000 (Mn US$) in the year 2003 to more than 1,100,000 (Mn US$) in the year 2008. ... Meanwhile, the region witnessed a growth rate of 14.2 percent in the year 2007 (Fox, 2011). Such an increase in the growth rate in the year 2002-2008 was highly dependent on the strongly increasing oil demand in the world (Fox, 2011). Some of the factors that contributed to such an extensive performance include better geo-political environment, boost in privatization of activities, increase in the Central Bank’s assets along with the strengthening of the GCC’s corporate sector. On the other hand, the GCC region has witnessed a decline in the growth rate due to the rising financial and economic crisis (Bachellerie, 2012). As a result, the oil market in the countries across the globe turned from cash cow to dog. The financial and economic crisis led to the decline in nominal GDP by -19.3 percent. Meanwhile, the real GDP declined from 6.4 percent to 0.5 percent in the years 2008 and 2009 respectively. With the global recovery of the oil market, the GCC region once again wi tnessed promising growth rate. The forecasted nominal GDP of the GCC was 380.5 (USD bn) in the year 2012 whereas the Real GDP (forecasted) for the same year was 5.3 (% y/y). Figure 1: GDP of GCC Countries Source: Gulf Investment Corporation, 2011) Figure 2: GCC’s GDP Growth Source: Haque, 2012 4. Inflation Rate The inflation rate in the GCC was quite low from 2002 to 2003 due to the prudent monetary and fiscal policies. Moreover, the access and availability of the goods and services in the region ensured low inflation rate. This could be witnessed by the 0.2 percent inflation rate which increased to 2.1 percent during 2001-2004. The inflation rate was 6.7 percent in the year 2007 which reached 10.7 percent in the year 2008 (IMF, 2011). The increase in inflation rate was a